Two new genetic maps of African-Americans reveal that humans have more active West African origin, where the chromosomes and matching genes, than in the case of European heritage.
Until recently, scientists knew next to nothing about the process used by humans and adjusting the parents ' genes to create a unique combination of a child, "says Chris Spencer, population geneticist at the Wellcome Trust Centre for human genetics at the University of Oxford in England. This process, known as recombination, helps also stick together until the time of the chromosomes to separate during the production of eggs and sperm.
Previously, scientists have recombinant only traces families and thought them that genetic information exchange has become at random. These new tests are the first describe how to map genetic shuffling in populations with unrelated persons. Studies also show that genetic movement actually occur at predetermined locations on chromosomes. "To do this, you must make a real contribution to the methodology, and they really nailed something about biology," says Spencer, who was not involved in either study.
The people of West African origin have 2500 recombination hot spots that are inactive in People of European ancestry, David Reich of Harvard Medical School, Simon Myers Oxford and big band colleagues report online on July 20, in nature.
A variant of the protein called PRDM9 is responsible for the creation of new recombinant, hotspot, the band shows. PRDM9 little bit acts as a Postman delivering mail to a certain postal code: where it will be stopped along a chromosome recombination can occur. A variant of the more commonly in people of West African proteins can read, the more zip codes and stops at more addresses than the protein normally found in the version of the Europeans.
The compiled map yourself just stated that belongs to the people of West Africa have a higher rate of recombination than people of European heritage. The African Caribbean and African-American men have an indirect rate, scientists at UCLA and colleagues many report online on July 20, in nature Genetics.
Intermediate level is the idea that the PRDM9 is responsible for recombination, "says John Novembre, population geneticist at UCLA and coauthor of research Genetics nature. "It's not a single recombinant factors overwhelm roots, the other," he says. However, the amount of the people of West African or European roots influence rates of recombination found researchers.
The team discovered five spots in the genome where recombination happens less frequently than expected. Four of these low points included a bit of a chromosome is reversed — that was flipped in an improper manner — that tracks the recombining chromosomes. The band has also indicated that recombination sites on chromosomes were active, in which there are add and remove large DNA fragments. Such additions and deletions may lead to disease.
Both maps were created to improve the research to find the genes that contribute to common diseases. The results indicate that the map for many ethnic groups, more should be made, Novembre says.
The findings could explain why Africa is so much human genetic diversity. Whether Reich did scientists used to think that this was because the people who stayed in Africa has never nipped down through their diversity of genetic bottlenecks as people whose ancestors migrated out of Africa, "he says. New studies suggest that recombination more, due to the active, may also have contributed to greater diversity, "he says.
Found in: genes and cells
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